{"id":2657,"date":"2023-05-26T09:51:09","date_gmt":"2023-05-26T07:51:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.univ-lorraine.fr\/welcome\/?p=2657"},"modified":"2025-06-18T15:19:54","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T13:19:54","slug":"how-higher-education-works-in-france","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.univ-lorraine.fr\/welcome\/en\/how-higher-education-works-in-france\/","title":{"rendered":"How higher education works in France"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-2671a6af\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-5e331f39\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-5e331f39\">\n\n<p>French higher education has adopted the <strong>BMD system<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>B<\/strong>achelor&rsquo;s<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M<\/strong>aster&rsquo;s<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D<\/strong>octorate<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-634a4154\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-634a4154\">\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-11ab9120 logo-welcome\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-3e644299\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-ecf82584\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-ecf82584\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"70\" height=\"66\" src=\"https:\/\/www.univ-lorraine.fr\/welcome\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2023\/02\/isotype_ul.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1278\"\/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-3b030eb1\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-3b030eb1 incline\">\n\n<p class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-ed03fd0f gb-headline-text\"><strong>STUDIES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-8568a6a8\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-8568a6a8\">\n\n<p class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-4b86ef7f gb-headline-text\"><strong>&amp; HOW THEY WORK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-c35273dd\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-c35273dd\">\n\n<p>Most of the degrees it delivers enable obtainment of <strong>ECTS<\/strong> (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System) <strong>credits<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The ECTS is a point system developed by the  European Union. Credits are divided up into Teaching Units (TUs &#8211; <em>UE unit\u00e9<\/em> <em>d&rsquo;enseignement <\/em>in French). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The system aims to facilitate understanding and comparison of study programs in given countries and in EU Member States. The ECTS system mainly applies to university training. <\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-d66e07c1\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-e5d28199\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-4e39c18a\"><div class=\"gb-inside-container\">\n\n<p>There are <strong>3 higher education levels<\/strong> <strong> in France<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>B <\/strong>for <strong>Bachelor&rsquo;s<\/strong>: 6 semesters &#8211; 180 ECTS credits<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M <\/strong>for <strong>Master&rsquo;s<\/strong>: 4 semesters &#8211; 120 ECTS credits<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D <\/strong>for <strong>Doctorate<\/strong>: 6 semesters &#8211;  180 ECTS credits<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<p>To <strong>find out more about the BMD system<\/strong>, consult <a href=\"https:\/\/www.campusfrance.org\/en\/French-degrees-LMD-equivalences\">the Campus France website<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-accent-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-accent-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">THE UNIVERSITY CalEndAr<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In France,<\/strong> <strong>the academic year starts in September <\/strong>or<strong> October<\/strong> depending on institution and type of course. <br>It is interspersed with <strong>holidays<\/strong>,  including<em> <\/em>2 weeks for <strong>Christmas and New Year <\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Each year is divided into 2 semesters<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the end of the first semester, courses are interrupted for a short <strong>period<\/strong> so that <strong>exams<\/strong> can be held. <br>The <strong>summer holidays<\/strong> start in May or June following second semester assessments. They usually last at least 2 months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"semestre-1\">First semester:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The first semester starts in <strong>September\/October<\/strong> <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>And ends in <strong>January\/February<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"semestre-2\">Second semester:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The second semester starts in January\/February<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>And ends in May\/June<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine&rsquo;s complete university calendar <a href=\"https:\/\/www.univ-lorraine.fr\/en\/education\/enrolment-at-universite-de-lorraine\/\">is available here<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>However, each component may apply a different calendar depending on constraints relating to the courses on offer. The calendar is displayed in your study component or available on your ENT (Digital Work Environment). You can also contact your component&rsquo;s tuition department to obtain it.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-welcome-2-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-welcome-2-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-21a1cc3a\">\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-8f4c92e8 gb-headline-text\">THE GRADING SYSTeM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Understanding your<strong> transcripts <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In France, the <strong>grading scale<\/strong> goes <strong>from 0 to 20<\/strong>, 0 being the worst score and 20 the best. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You must obtain an <strong>average of 10\/20<\/strong> <strong>in order to validate ECTS credits<\/strong>. If you get under 10\/20 you can take <strong>makeup exams<\/strong>, which are held in June-July.<br>You can access your exam results (transcripts) on your ENT (Digital Work Environment).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Have you validated the semester\/year?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Admis [ADM &#8211; Admission]<\/strong>: You&rsquo;ve validated your semesters, so you&rsquo;ve completed the academic year successfully.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Admis Compens\u00e9 [ADMC &#8211; Compensated Admission]<\/strong>: You haven&rsquo;t obtained the average for a semester or a Teaching Unit, but thanks to  annual compensation of grades, you&rsquo;re admitted.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ajourn\u00e9 [AJ &#8211; Deferral]<\/strong>: You haven&rsquo;t succeeded in validating your semester\/year. You&rsquo;ll have a second chance at makeup.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D\u00e9faillant [DEF &#8211; Fail]<\/strong>: You didn&rsquo;t turn up for the exam. You haven&rsquo;t completed your semester\/academic year successfully.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-95d6bf3c gb-headline-text\">exams<strong> <\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2 types of knowledge assessment<\/strong> at universities:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Continuous assessment<\/strong>, which enables validation of knowledge acquired in all subjects with oral and written <strong>exams<\/strong> <strong>held throughout the year  <\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oral and written <strong>exams<\/strong> in all subjects, held <strong>at the end of each semester<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>To find out more about the French university system<\/strong>, consult <a href=\"https:\/\/www.campusfrance.org\/en\/French-higher-education\">the Campus France website<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.campusfrance.org\/fr\/enseignement-superieur-francais\">.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CLASS FORMATS IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN France<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-744e9a7b\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-72204dc6\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-72204dc6\">\n\n<h4 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-81aa516a gb-headline-text\"><strong>Lectures:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>They&rsquo;re delivered in amphitheaters (also known as \u00ab\u00a0amphis\u00a0\u00bb), so exchanges with the teacher are limited. You must above all take notes.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-18eb9797\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-18eb9797\">\n\n<h4 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-1c3dc803 gb-headline-text\"><strong>Tutorials and Practical Work:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-base-3-color has-text-color\">Also known as <strong>TD <\/strong>(for <em>Travaux Dirig\u00e9s<\/em>)<strong> <\/strong>and <strong>TP <\/strong>(for <em>Travaux Pratiques<\/em>)<strong> <\/strong>respectively, these are small-group classes delivered in classrooms or laboratories. During TD and TP, you expand on and apply the theoretical notions addressed in <strong>lectures<\/strong>. Attendance (also called <em>assiduity<\/em>) is mandatory. TP and TD may be complemented by company placements.<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-f33d5fbd related-content\">\n\n<h2 class=\"gb-headline gb-headline-57d2803e gb-headline-text\">This content may also interest you<\/h2>\n\n\n<a href='?type=post&#038;filter_profil=&#038;filter_temporalite=&#038;filter_thematique=&#038;search='><button>Clear my choices<\/button><\/a>\r\n<ul class=\"liste-resume\">\r\n<li class=\"resume Non\">\r\n\t<h2><a href=\"\/welcome\/en\/choosing-your-course\/\">Choosing your course<\/a><\/h2>\r\n\t<div class=\"contenu\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"image\">\r\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.univ-lorraine.fr\/welcome\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2023\/02\/all-coul-300x225.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.univ-lorraine.fr\/welcome\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2023\/02\/all-coul-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/www.univ-lorraine.fr\/welcome\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2023\/02\/all-coul.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"texte\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>Develop your skills according to your fields of interest.<br \/>\nAt the Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, we offer a comprehensive range of courses in all fields of study and at all degree levels.<\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"\/welcome\/en\/choosing-your-course\/\" class=\"lireplus\" title=\"Choosing your course\">Read more<\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/li>\r\n\r\n<li class=\"resume Non\">\r\n\t<h2><a href=\"\/welcome\/en\/tuition-fees\/\">Tuition fees<\/a><\/h2>\r\n\t<div class=\"contenu\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"image\">\r\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"96\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.univ-lorraine.fr\/welcome\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2023\/04\/b99e8ea6-2614-41bd-b00c-b024ffcb6258-96x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Femme avec un air d\u00e9monstratif\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.univ-lorraine.fr\/welcome\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2023\/04\/b99e8ea6-2614-41bd-b00c-b024ffcb6258-96x300.png 96w, https:\/\/www.univ-lorraine.fr\/welcome\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2023\/04\/b99e8ea6-2614-41bd-b00c-b024ffcb6258-327x1024.png 327w, https:\/\/www.univ-lorraine.fr\/welcome\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/41\/2023\/04\/b99e8ea6-2614-41bd-b00c-b024ffcb6258.png 409w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 96px) 100vw, 96px\" \/>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"texte\">\r\n\t\t\t<p>In France, the registration fee rate for international students from countries oustide the European Union or outside the European Economic Area is set at national level for all universities. But each university may define its own policy on exemption from such tuition fees.<\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<a href=\"\/welcome\/en\/tuition-fees\/\" class=\"lireplus\" title=\"Tuition fees\">Read more<\/a>\r\n\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you don&rsquo;t know how higher education works in France, this page will guide you through the university  system&rsquo;s subtleties.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":283,"featured_media":2032,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"temporalite":[97,101],"profil":[93,89],"thematique":[123],"class_list":["post-2657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-useful-information","temporalite-before-your-arrival","temporalite-during-my-stay","profil-phd-student","profil-student","thematique-studies","masonry-post","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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